[Contemporary methodic approach to evaluation of acoustic load on civil aircraft crew members.]

The article characterizes occupational factors including acoustic ones that influence work conditions of civil aircraft crew members, presents methodic basis to evaluate parameters of aviation noise inside cabin, with consideration of additional load from aviaheadsets. To specify scientifically based method for calculating acoustic load on civil aircraft crew members in cabins, the authors measured noise parameters inside cabins of aircrafts used at present in Russia, and noise-proof properties of domestic and foreign aviaheadsets. Normalized values suggested: equivalent level of A sound over a month (LA,,m), over a year (La); suggestions for reference values: equivalent level of A sound (Leg), over an arbitrary period of piloting length (L,r); coefficient of piloting load. Principles of these calculations are determined. The method is designed as an addition to sanitary rules and regulations 2.5.1.2423-08, determining hygienic requirements to work and rest conditions for civil aircraft pilots.

On assessment of exposure to noise in crew members of civil aviation aircrafts.

The article deals with current and prospective documents on assessment of exposure to noisein crew.members of civil aviation aircrafts. The authors suggestedto complete a method calculatingacoustic loadwith correction indexes for uncertainity of measurements concerning noise inside the cabin, for underestimation of noise levels in forced flight regime, forincreased radio talks and active listening time, and for, acoustic efficiency of avia-headsets.

[Novelties in hygienic evaluation of electromagnetic conditions on computerized workplaces].

The article presents results of scientific basis for improvement of hygienic regulations and methods evaluating electromagnetic situation on computerized workplaces with contemporary informational communication technologies.

[Occupational hearing loss--problem of health and safety].

On the basis of the literature review the critical analysis of the recommendations (the letter of Ministry of Health of Russia from 6/11/2012 N 14-1/10/2-3508) on occupation noise-induced hearing loss (HL) assessment is presented. Need of more strict criteria of HL assessment for workers, than for the general population according to ICF (WHO, 2001), in order to avoid growth of accidents and injury rate is proved. The illegitimacy of a deduction of statistical presbiacusia values from individual audiograms as human rights violation is stressed. Some terminological defects are noted. It is necessary to cancel recommendations and to develop the sanitary norms or state standard with the program of hearing conservation at work.

[Information as physical factor: problems of measurement, hygienic assessment and IT-automation].

The increasing flow of information, speeding up the progress of society, can impact the health that puts the task of its hygienic reglamentation. The physical aspects of information, parameters and units of quantities, aspects of measurement and evaluation with account of information quantity and quality as well as criteria of its permissible and optimal levels are considered. The results of measurements of quantity of text information produced per year on computer in 17 occupations of 10 economic sectors are presented. The principle of IT-automation of operator's work and of dynamic monitoring is proposed. On the basis of research performed the glossary of terms and guide on the problem with computer support are elaborated for the accumulation of experience and clarification of prospects.

[The real-world effectiveness of personal protective equipment and additional risks for workers' health].

The effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) of hearing, respiratory organs and hands is considered. It is shown that real effect of PPE is twice lower than declared by supplier; this presumes some derating system. The aspects of discomfort and additional risks are analyzed. The hygienic and physiologic evaluation of PPE is required along with elaboration of an official document (OSH standard or sanitary regulation) on selection, personal fit, organization of use and individual training of workers and their motivation.

[Contemporary hygienic regulation of industrial vibration: harmonizing national and foreign approaches].

The authors compared approaches to vibration safety regulations, presented by new Russian Federal governmental standards, international standards and rules from one hand, and by Russian Federal Sanitary Regulation documents from the other hand. Main directions to improve hygienic regulation of occupational vibration in new technical regulation system are determined.

[Ultraviolet rays: problems of hygienic evaluation of the sources and regulation of the effects].

The article presents characteristics of ultraviolet rays sources used for prevention, treatment and for tanning. Difficulties in hygienic evaluation of goods are revealed. The authors defined ways to solve this problem--specify metrological support for supervision, create regulation document on sanitary and hygienic evaluation of ultraviolet rays sources.

[Principles and criteria of occupational medicine standard in prevention of occupational deafness].

The article represents materials on prevention of occupational deafness--one of the most prevalent occupational entities.

[Evaluation of occupational risk caused by exposure to electromagnetic rays]. / Otsenka professional'nogo riska ot vozdeistviia élektromagnitnykh izluchenii.

Transverse epidemiologic study of work conditions and health state among workers of Civil Aviation Department Running Radiotechnic and Communication Equipment revealed higher relative risk for arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease, occurrence of these diseases in younger age in individuals exposed to electromagnetic rays of ultra high frequency and high frequency ranges, when compared to occupational group matching by occupational and general characteristics excluding exposure to electromagnetic rays.

[Hygienic evaluation of electromagnetic situation and vibroacoustic factors at workplaces for radio-technological staff of civil airports]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka élektromagnitnoi obstanovki i vibroakusticheskikh faktorov na rabochikh mestakh radiotekhnicheskogo personala aéroportov grazhdanskoi aviatsii.

The authors proved electromagnetic environment for staff servicing radiolocation, navigation and communication systems in civil airports to be very severe: electromagnetic irradiation of broad frequency spectrum, in impulse and continuous generation mode, varying in intensity and time, with low telluric conditions in shielded chambers, with equivalent noise levels more than by 15 dBA exceeding the allowable ones.

[Physiological-occupational assessment of acoustic load with equal energy but different time and informational characteristics]. / Fiziologo-gigienicheskaia otsenka ravnoénergeticheskoi zvukovoi nagruzki s razlichnoi vremennoi i informatsionnoi strukturoi.

The article deals with results of experimental study comparing effects of 4 types of acoustic load--noise (constant and impulse) and music (electronic symphonic one and rap)--on hearing sensitivity, processes in nervous system and subjective evaluation. All types of acoustic load were equal in energy (on evaluation according to equivalent level during the experiment). The study included 2 levels of load--90 and 95 dB. The differences revealed demonstrate importance of impulse parameters of noise and musical load for reactions of acoustic analyzer and central nervous system. The experiments show that evaluation of harm caused by temporary and impulse noises should be based not only on assessment of specific (hearing) function, but also on parameters of central nervous system state. The authors found that music of certain acoustic and informational parameters may harm hearing function.